NATIONAL CHINA EXHIBITION IN MOSCOW

The National Exhibition on Russia china is a sample of Chinese economic and cultural development larger than has been made in overseas representation in the country. "Exhibit, which is one of the most important events to take place during the Year of China in Russia , Is not only a showcase of splendid culture and history of China, but also reflects the achievements and successes of the policy of reform and opening up of China, Hu added.

For his part, Putin spoke in praise of the exhibit in his speech: "The exhibition will help the Russian people to understand the existing production capacities and technology of China with a view to not only increase the volume of bilateral trade, but also improve the quality of cooperation." "The theme of the exhibition - Win-Win Cooperation and harmonious development - fits perfectly with the current partnership and strategic cooperation between China and Russia. For Russia, China has always been and remains one of the most important economic partners in the world, "said Putin.

The four-day exhibition, sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of China, covers over 30 industries, ranging from energy to household appliances, and more than 15,000 kinds of products will be exhibited in an area of 20,000 square meters at the Expo Center . After the opening ceremony, Hun Jintao and Vladimir Putin toured with great interest in the exhibition. In the exhibition hall on the general image of China, the two leaders covered the models of the work of Three Gorges project and model Qinghai-Tibet railway. In the exhibition business, they heard a presentation responsible for several large Chinese companies. The exhibition of fine porcelain china was opened on msmo day in the State Tretaykov Gallery in Moscow.

"China is the cradle of porcelain. Porcelain china became known as' white gold 'from the ninth century," he said during the opening ceremony of China Vice Minister of Culture, Meng Xiaosi. This exhibit is the first of several major exhibitions in Russia and the first in a series of cultural expressions of the Year of China in Russia through which the Russian people will know more about the culture china and friendship of the Chinese people, Meng said. According to Wang Tianxing, deputy director general of the Department of Culture of Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, a city of Jiangxi, is a historical site famous for its technical porcelain.

The porcelain from Jingdezhen, "as white as jade, as thin as paper and as clear as a mirror," represents the best of the culture of pottery china. The exhibition includes 119 pieces of fine china selected provincial museum of Jingdezhen of Jiangxi and ceramics from different eras. The Year of China in Russia will have nearly 200 activities in the areas of politics, economy, science, technology and culture.

As an important part of the theme year, the China Cultural Festival from March to next January, will present an image of China that is not only ancient and peaceful, but also modern and colorful

RITUALS AND MEDICINE

Religion was something very important in civilization china (there are currently more than 16,000 temples and churches scattered throughout the region) The company dominates the china Taoism and Buddhism, as in almost all primitive peoples, the first religion in China was the naturalist, or worship into the unknown and the strength that men can have on natural phenomena, but Chinese related behavior of the individual, with the phenomena of the universe. In short, depended on human actions and natural forces. The second religion in china was the Lao-Tse is the reason that based on the doctrines of rationalist Tao. There are also smaller religious groups such as Islam and Christianity but only in 1978 were allowed the development of these official religions, was also established that the population of China had the right not to have religious beliefs and spread the "atheism".
Medicine: The Chinese have their own system of classification of diseases that differs widely from West. The philosophical doctrine that supports medicine china is that men live between heaven and earth, and is in itself a miniature universe. The material for that living things are made is considered part of the "yin", the female aspect, liabilities and recessive in nature. Moreover, the vital functions of these beings are regarded as belonging to the "yang", male aspect, active and dominant. The functions of living organisms are classified by the following five centers body:
• Heart or mind (hin)
• Lung or respiratory system (fei)
• Liver (Kan.)
• Spleen (p'i)
• Kidneys (Shen)
According civilization china succession of the seasons and changing weather can affect the human body. Apart from medicines, another form of treatment often used in medicine china is acupuncture. Its history goes back to times after the emergence of writing china, but did not reach its full development until after the Han dynasty.

INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

The china civilization as we know has changed dramatically and it has brought great contributions to mankind, through development of this test will be presenting the great inventions, which is added and go hand in hand very industry and commerce.

To start there will be a description of each of the inventions and contributions made this civilization to humanity. In the first instance we believe the compass; it had its origin in the fourth century to C. His adaptation and recognition in the West took place nearly 1500 years later. The first Chinese compasses did not use needles. The "indicators" had the form of shells, fish or turtle, increasing the accuracy of reading the introduction of the needle. It was at that time when the Chinese introduced the first markers and indicators, key elements of modern science. This happened in the third century A.D. The magnetic compass needle was built in the seventh century or VIII with a needle floating on the water.

The gunpowder, fireworks and rockets. The birthplace of fireworks is generally recognized as China, with the first explosive mixture found there and called "black powder", during the Sung dynasty (960-1279). It is said that a cook in ancient China found that a mixture of sulfur, saltpeter, charcoal and was highly flammable and if outbreak was included in a small space. The first application of this technology was for entertainment. The Chinese remain the largest producers of fireworks. Once the recipe for black powder was perfected, they found that could easily be used as rocket fuel, rockets and made of wood carved by hand with the dimensions to be placed and the mouth of a dragon, in the sixth century. These arrows driven emerging as rockets from the mouth of the dragon, and were used against the invaders from Mongolia in 1279. The principle of operation of these rockets is still used today in fireworks the money paper. Among the many inventions that we have the ingenuity of the Chinese, seems also counted the paper currency. Since ancient times, Chinese trade conducted on the basis of barter. Until the middle of the second a.C. were used as means to change the so-called "Caura" small shells which have remained in use in parts of Asia and Africa until a few decades ago. The first use "money" of this paper receipts were bank began to be used as means of payment. Obviously, there were no banks themselves, was closed shops that accept deposits of precious metals, which received remuneration pledging to transfer amounts to distances. Stacking and pressed to remove water, and then extended so that the sun was dry, each piece is properly beaten on a surface, such as to prevent the ink ran to write
The printing plant. As early as the second century A.D. the Chinese had developed and implemented in general the art of print texts. As with many inventions, was not entirely novel, since the printing of drawings and images on fabrics you got at least a century ahead in China the impression words.
The great Wall of China, an architectural contribution. The principles of construction of the Wall of China were defending themselves from attacks by nomadic peoples of the north. Although it was built in several stages, the first stage was built on the instructions of Qin Shi Huangdi, also Shi Huangdi, or Ts'in She Huang-Ti (259-210 BC), China's first emperor and founder of the Ch'in Dynasty . There is talk of 400,000 people working in construction during the reign of Qin Shi Huanti and their descendants, however, the Great Wall continued to grow during more than 1500 years, with different materials and characteristics depending on the region, The rulers of the Han dynasty , Followed by preserving and extending the wall. Its construction finally stopped in the seventeenth century during the dominance of the Ming dynasty. It is said that one fifth of the population china contributed at different times in building the Great Wall and that many of the bodies of the workers who died, adding historical documents, used to amortize the weight of the stones. The most famous of the Great Wall, which is located near Beijing, in the locality known as Badaling, was built during the Ming dynasty (1368 to 1644 AD) and is considered Heritage of Humanity.

Each of these inventions have helped over the years to humanity, taking into account that have not been as it were from the outset, but have ido evolved to what it is at present on progress technology and how each of us we have been using

WORK AND HIERARCHY

Since the beginning and evolution of Chinesse civilization were established through different situations which were taught the ways of life of people in China, initially the man had to go through a lot of years to reach an evolution and thus began his trial is survival. This test will show you ways to work, their traditions, their economic and social organization and certain general characteristics that the Chinese used initially for their survival. To start we talk of what he has to do with work and the methods used initially for their survival, we see that with the centuries millet became his main crop, also came to cultivate something of wheat and rice low quality. When the ground became less productive moved to another area, burned trees, dried the ground and planted it in their crops.

Uses of fire provided them with cooked food, declining as a result, the digestive process and hence improve the absorption of nutrients and increasingly accelerating the development of their physical condition. At the same time the fire could protect it from cold, prevent it from attack by wild animals and help effectively in the hunt. With regard to the above hunting and gathering were the main productive activities, the discovery of large quantities of bones of deer bulls or burned in the caves, confirming that the deer was the main object of his game. Perhaps their most effective weapons were sticks and torches.

With the passing of the years the organization of the Chinese was based on agriculture but was subsequently established industries. Among them include metallurgy, especially the bronze, since times very close to Christ. Other important industries were porcelain and silk, so they had a great trade. The social classes in China were integrated: the first by an aristocracy which dominated the political and religious functions, the second by state officials or bureaucracy that degenerated into a routine mechanical and the third was made up of craftsmen and peasants. Besides the Chinese people had a very slavery pronounced.

In conclusion, the man of civilization china start their survival through the hunting of wild animals and thus these were his main activities in which to perform layman

WU ZETIAN A famous person in China's History

The Empress Wu, or Wu Zetian, was the only woman in the history of China who took the imperial throne. Although other women have influence over power from the position of emperatrices consorts or regents, Empress Wu was the only one who reigned as sovereign, to proclaim his own dynasty, you have called Zhōu. in a bid to make his reign evoke the splendor of ancient idealized Zhou dynasty. This new dynasty briefly interrupted the Tang Dynasty, which would be restored after his forced abdication, months before his death. The usual Chinese name of the Empress is currently Wǔ Zétiān (Traditional Chinese: Simplified Chinese.

This name is a combination of his surname and his name Wu Zetian posthumous. His name was Wǔ Zhào staff, took that name when it became with power, and for which came to invent a character, in order to have a unique name. Previously, it had been known by various names. During his reign, he used the name of Shèngshén Huángdì, using the title coined by the huángdì first emperor Qin Shi Huang, and that translates into Spanish as "emperor". The woman claimed that the post of huángdì shocked many of the intellectuals of the time, they saw in the ascent to the throne of a violation of a woman Confucian standards. Empress Wu tried to quell these criticisms through its sponsorship of Buddhism, promoting interpretations of the Buddhist doctrine that gave legitimacy to his reign. Youth [editing] Born into a family of aristocratic Shanxi, originally from the town of Wénshu. His father Wo Shìhuo (577-635) had been an ally of the founder of the Tang dynasty, Li Yuan, which awarded him the title of Duke of Taiyuan, Tàiyuán Jùngōng), while his mother, Mrs Yang Yang Shì) (579 -670), With whom he had married Wu Shihu in remarriage, was related to the imperial family of the Tang dynasty prior to the Sui dynasty. It is not clear where the Empress Wu was born.

It is possible that was born in the town of Lìzhōu, where his father was intended, or perhaps in the capital Chang'an. As a girl, perhaps 638 or 636, entered the harem of Emperor Tang Emperor Taizong of Song, the fifth rank of concubines. In 649, Emperor Taizong of Song emperor died and was succeeded by his son Tang Emperor Gaozong. The young concubine become part of the harem of the new emperor. According to the traditional history, after the death of Emperor Wu the couple would have entered a Buddhist monastery and, later, the new emperor, prendado for its beauty, would be incorporated into his harem. Many historians today cast doubt on this version and are more likely than not the younger Wu never passed by the monastery, but after the death of Emperor Taizong of Song emperor, remained in the palace. It is likely that before the death of Emperor Taizong of Song had already begun a clandestine relationship with the Crown Prince, which would explain his stay in the harem of Gaozong, where he held the post of second-ranking concubine.

The fact that the couple had been Wu concubine of a father and son was a source of scandal for more Confucian moralists of the time. Their presence in the harem was seen favourably by the consort of Gaozong, the Empress Wang, I see it as a rival to the concubine, with whom he was confronted. However, the ambition and capability of handling the concubine Wu, in this era called Wo Mèiniáng, lead to attain the position of empress consort. In the year 654, a newborn daughter was murdered by Wu and Wu accused the concubine Wang Xiao and Empress of the crime. Thus, Wu managed to be named empress consort and, according to tradition, she herself was responsible for torturing to death his rivals, the concubine and Empress Xiao Wang. Some Chinese historians have maintained that the murder of the girl would have been the work of its own to indict Wu for his rivals, but it is likely that this legend has been spread by his enemies. Since November 660, worsened the health status of Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu began to govern from the shadows. His power increased when he ministers to run the court in January Shàngguān Yi 665. Legend has it attaches black all kinds of outrages to the Empress Wu, it would have been poisoning the emperor in the last years of his life in order to bring itself the reins of power.

It also said that he killed his eldest son, who would have faced it. After the death of the emperor, in the year 683, was his third son, Emperor Tang Zhongzong, who ascended to the throne, but after six weeks, Wu used his power to dismiss him and give the throne to his other son, the emperor Tang Ruizong, who, like his brother, Governor so rated for a brief period, until his mother decided to ratify in a public official and his power, becoming the first and only woman in the history of China who took the throne Imperial. Already in December 689, had imposed the invention of twelve new characters, among whom was the character (zhào), which adopted a new name.

Eleven months later, in October 690, proclaimed the new Zhou Dynasty and assumed the name "emperor (Huangdi) Shenshen." Subsequently, in 695, his name would be as imperial "emperor Tiance Jinlun Shengshen" His reign was marked by the promotion of Buddhism, become official religion in 691, which earned him much popular support. Moreover, Buddhism was used as a legitimization of his reign to the point where a monk related to the empress (and lover also, according to legend) came to advocate the theory that the Buddha Maitreya, the Buddha of the future, was a woman. Along with this religious policy, Empress Wu continued his style of government based on a form of brutal despotism, with purges and persecutions of those who were hostile to their power.

PHONETIC TABLE

In the follow table you can learn some options about pronunciation of words in english.If you want to lear to much click here http://club.telepolis.com/phonetics/theory.html

CHINA`S CULTURE

Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, and mastery of Confucian texts was the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. China's traditional values were derived from various versions of Confucianism. A number of more authoritarian strains of thought have also been influential, such as Legalism. There was often conflict between the philosophies, e.g. the Song Dynasty Neo-Confucians believed Legalism departed from the original spirit of Confucianism. Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today. In recent years, a number of New Confucians (not to be confused with Neo-Confucianism) have advocated that democratic ideals and human rights are quite compatible with traditional Confucian "Asian values.

WORLD'S END

Eye to eye, with our destinies Sword to sword, Will set one free Light to darkness, The future will be set Darkness to light, This will be the end.

For hours we fought Wounded and tired with no end in sight The storm draws near Upon the highest mountain we stand

Steel against steel as we strike yet again Face to face we will fight to the death Then a mortal blow brings me to my knees All hope's gone, Dragonland is doomed

As i'm bleeding My life is draining away In a world now embraced by darkness Evil's beginning to rise

Soon the world will come to an end and all good will die Though the clan of dragons will survive someday in the future might a hero arise But can they hold on for so long?

Withered forests the homes of elves decayed Crumbled mountains the dwarves will be no more Shattered cities the humans slowly die Pungent wastelands the dark ones marching on

Nothing is spared All in their path will be destroyed Their reign of terror Has barely begun

Now the hordes of night begins their feast of victory Burning down and slaying everything Dark clouds cover the whole sky and black rain starts to fall And will do for ages come to pass

Hundred years have passed now it is time to strike back Time to raise our swords and shields again But who will lead us, the armies of light this time? In the den of dragons hope is born...

MASS TRASPORTATION SYSTEM

Trasmilenio is a mass transportation system in Bogota that has been in use for the last ten years. This system was created in 1998 and it had its first operation in the caracas avenue. The introduction of its system in the city has caused positive and negative effects for the population.

In the first place, the use of this system has many advantages over other transportation systems, principally in speed and safety; nowadays we can arrive to place of work in less time that before. In addition, there are specifics stations according to our needs which allow that we take a determined buss for go to determined place. Trasmilenio can be use by pregnancy women, children, elderly people, disabled people, moreover in the buss there is a space designed especially for this people. The use of trasmilenio avoids that people who are daily in the city take a traffic jam.

On the other hand the number of robberies has been reduced. in this system , because in each station there is police presence, although it is relative, because into the buss generally there are a big number of people, for this reason the safety into the buss reduced. Another disadvantage of use this transportation system is that it is used for majority of people; it is a situation that allow massive people and discomfort the same.


In conclusion, I think that this mass transportation system has been have many advantages for our, which allow more speed and safety. To stand out the speed that is the most important advantage, because we take a trasmilenio buss and arrive with time to determinate place.

CHINA´S TADITONAL FAMILY

China’s family, according to describes the history of the stone , is the result of one long historical search: The basic rules of patriarchal descendants and name, the practice to worship and to make sacrifices towards the ancestros , and the moral value of filial loyalty was all rules affluent established by the end of the Zhou period, it was century 11 – 256 ac around.

In china family is “Jia” it means the familiar group, its relation is ones by blood, marriage or adoption who live and handle their finances together. In the family the men are nearest relatives (related by blood). The children live in the houses of their parents with their wife, who have been brought from outside the family.

When the daughter complete determined age has to marry, they have to compromise of another family. They are members of their family only while they are unmarried.

During the ritual of the wedding, the daughter breaks the bows whit her family and makes a vote to serve her new family, which includes the ancestros the ancestros of that new family.

The men are permanent members of the family in who they were born, and hope that the women possibly separate of their native family, Therefore to the women have a place in her new family by the line of her husband, and only make sure to them when she have a son.

For the women and the children, specially in the wealthy and great families the “ Jia” was the center and the limit of the world. Even so, the well being, status of the family depend on the success or the failures of those of the men when acting outside the “ Jia”

THE USE OF ONLINE TECHONOLOGY FOR CLASSES

The use of tecnologia at the present time, allows that new didactic strategies for the development of the classes are generated, and becomes a new tool of learning for the professor as for the student as much. The use of this tool allows that new abilities are developed and the form of trasmisión of education is more efficient.

First which all we realize of which these tools allow the professors to develop their own adapted materials to the context of their students, for example we can see the form as the university libraries are becoming, these pass to be simple book stacks and magazines with annexed reading rooms, to offer manifold electronic sources of intelligence.

Each one of these new surroundings of learning demands new rolls in professors and students. Nowadays the perspective common to see the professor like only source of intelligence and to see the student like passive receiver has changed and it has been become a totally different roll for example, now the information and the knowledge that can be obtained in the computer science networks. Any university student, using the Internet, can obtain information of which his professor will take months in arranging by the traditional channels. The mission of the professor in rich surroundings in information is the one of facilitador, the one of guide and advisor on appropriate sources of information, the one of creator of habits and skills in the search, selection and data processing.

family tree